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Measuring and understanding death anxiety in caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor
- Kelcie Willis, Scott G. Ravyts, Autumn Lanoye, Morgan P. Reid, Farah J. Aslanzadeh, Sarah Ellen Braun, Dace Svikis, Gary Rodin, Ashlee R. Loughan
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 21 / Issue 5 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 August 2022, pp. 812-819
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- Article
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Objective
Caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor (PBT) describe feeling preoccupied with the inevitability of their loved one's death. However, there are currently no validated instruments to assess death anxiety in caregivers. This study sought to examine (1) the psychometric properties of the Death and Dying Distress Scale (DADDS), adapted for caregivers (DADDS-CG), and (2) the prevalence and correlates of death anxiety in caregivers of patients with PBT.
MethodsCaregivers (N = 67) of patients with PBT completed the DADDS-CG, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR-7), and God Locus of Health Control (GLHC). Caregivers’ sociodemographic information and patients’ medical characteristics were also collected. Preliminary examination of the psychometric properties of the DADDS-CG was conducted using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and correlations. The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety were assessed using frequencies, pair-wise comparisons, and correlations.
ResultsFactor analysis of the DADDS-CG revealed a two-factor structure consistent with the original DADDS. The DADDS-CG demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and FCR-7, and discriminant validity with the GLHC. Over two-thirds of caregivers reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of death anxiety. Death anxiety was highest in women and caregivers of patients with high-grade PBT.
Significance of resultsThe DADDS-CG demonstrates sound psychometric properties in caregivers of patients with PBT, who report high levels of death anxiety. Further research is needed to support the measure's value in clinical care and research — both in this population and other caregivers — in order to address this unmet, psychosocial need.
17 - Attention, Centering, and Being Mindful: Medical Specialties to the Performing Arts
- from IV - MINDFULNESS AND THE PERFORMING ARTS
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- By Patsy Tremayne, University of Western Sydney, Australia, Ashlee Morgan, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Edited by Amy L. Baltzell, Boston University
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- Book:
- Mindfulness and Performance
- Published online:
- 05 January 2016
- Print publication:
- 19 January 2016, pp 389-411
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Summary
My experience is what I agree to attend to.
William James (cited in Gallagher, 2009, p. 1)As a performer, the act of mindfulness is a valuable and optimal state of being. One's ability to be mindful can discernibly affect physical performance in a diverse range of contexts; for example, a dancer performing as part of a group, or a doctor answering a question in an oral exam. This chapter explores the notion of mindfulness, with a particular focus on the aligned concepts of attention and centering, among performing artists and medical practitioners. Despite the obvious disparities of challenges and tasks between the performing arts and medical specialties, the relevance of mindfulness proves a distinguishable commonality across the disciplines. Throughout this chapter, case study examples will be drawn upon to illustrate the pertinence of mindfulness for the performer and also the important contextual considerations for the performance psychologist.
Mindfulness is being in touch with the present moment. It also involves paying attention in an engaged way. Deciding what to pay attention to takes work. When the performance psychologist is working with the client, he or she needs to be aware of the sociocultural context in which the performance is embedded. Understanding the social norms of the performance domain and the expectations of important others (e.g., family and/or colleagues) is beneficial when endeavoring to enhance the client's performance. In the case studies that follow, we apply a range of psychological skills within different sociocultural contexts, with the goal of enhancing the mindful approach of the performer. It is essential to understand the context when tailoring mindfulness-based interventions. For example, the anesthetist mixing a cocktail of sleep-inducing drugs prior to an operation has substantially different demands and pressures placed upon her or him than an actor about to walk on stage to a full house on the first night. While the hospital registrar and voice student may share similar performance anxiety in relation to their exams, they have different social norms that create a set of background expectations in which performance is compared. However, one thing they all have in common is the need for mindfulness in what they do, and the effective psychologist encourages adaptation of mindfulness to a variety of different performance domains and deals with numerous factors that inhibit mindful performance.